Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: During the process of transcription, the information encoded within the DNA sequence of one or more genes is transcribed into a strand of RNA, also called an RNA transcript.…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The elucidation of the structure of the double helix by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 provided a hint as to how DNA is copied during the process of replication. Separating the strands…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Clinical Focus Part 1 Mark is 60-year-old software engineer who suffers from type II diabetes, which he monitors and keeps under control largely through diet and exercise.…
Figure 11.1 Escherichia coli (left) may not appear to have much in common with an elephant (right), but the genetic blueprints for these vastly different organisms are both encoded in DNA. (credit left: modification of work by NIAID; credit right: modification of work…
10.1 Using Microbiology to Discover the Secrets of Life 10.2 Structure and Function of DNA 10.3 Structure and Function of RNA 10.4 Structure and Function of Cellular Genomes
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Thus far, we have discussed the structure and function of individual pieces of DNA and RNA. In this section, we will discuss how all of an organism’s genetic material—collectively referred…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Structurally speaking, ribonucleic acid (RNA), is quite similar to DNA. However, whereas DNA molecules are typically long and double stranded, RNA molecules are much shorter and are typically…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: In Microbial Metabolism, we discussed the microbial catabolism of three classes of macromolecules: proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. In this chapter, we will discuss the genetic role of a…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Clinical Focus Part 1 Alex is a 22-year-old college student who vacationed in Puerta Vallarta, Mexico, for spring break. Unfortunately, two days after flying home to Ohio,…
Figure 10.1 Siblings within a family share some genes with each other and with each parent. Identical twins, however, are genetically identical. Bacteria like Escherichia coli may acquire genes encoding virulence factors, converting them into pathogenic strains, like this uropathogenic E. coli. (Credit left: Army…