Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Several factors are important in choosing the most appropriate antimicrobial drug therapy, including bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms, spectrum of activity, dosage and route of administration, the potential for side effects, and the…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Clinical Focus Part 1 Marisa, a 52-year-old woman, was suffering from severe abdominal pain, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and a fever. She had just returned home from…
Figure 14.1 First mass produced in the 1940s, penicillin was instrumental in saving millions of lives during World War II and was considered a wonder drug.1 Today, overprescription of antibiotics (especially for childhood illnesses) has contributed to the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens. (credit…
13.1 Controlling Microbial Growth 13.2 Using Physical Methods to Control Microorganisms 13.3 Using Chemicals to Control Microorganisms 13.4 Testing the Effectiveness of Antiseptics and Disinfectants
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The effectiveness of various chemical disinfectants is reflected in the terms used to describe them. Chemical disinfectants are grouped by the power of their activity, with each category reflecting…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: In addition to physical methods of microbial control, chemicals are also used to control microbial growth. A wide variety of chemicals can be used as disinfectants or…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: For thousands of years, humans have used various physical methods of microbial control for food preservation. Common control methods include the application of high temperatures, radiation, filtration, and…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Clinical Focus Part 1 Roberta is a 46-year-old real estate agent who recently underwent a cholecystectomy (surgery to remove painful gallstones). The surgery was performed laparoscopically with…
Figure 13.1 Most environments, including cars, are not sterile. A study1 analyzed 11 locations within 18 different cars to determine the number of microbial colony-forming units (CFUs) present. The center console harbored by far the most microbes (506 CFUs), possibly because that is…
12.1 Microbes and the Tools of Genetic Engineering 12.2 Visualizing and Characterizing DNA, RNA, and Protein 12.3 Whole Genome Methods and Pharmaceutical Applications of Genetic Engineering 12.4 Gene Therapy