Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a stable and constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment (Billman, 2020). This means that the body…
Figure 4.1 The nervous system sends chemical and electrical messages between the brain and other parts of the body to control homeostasis (a state of stable equilibrium between physiological processes), physical reflexes, and both voluntary and involuntary activities. (attribution: Copyright Rice University,…
This chapter discussed federal legislation affecting health care and the electronic health record. The state nurse practice acts and the formation of boards of nursing also were explained. The ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence were examined, as was…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Competencies As mentioned earlier, in 1999 the Institute of Medicine published its report, To Err Is Human, regarding the number of…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Drug errors are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. A medication error is “an error (of commission or omission) at any step…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Federal Legislative Acts Prior to 1906, there were no legal controls over the sale or quality of any drugs. Before this time, rattlesnake oil for pain and…
Figure 3.1 Pharmacology is the study of the biological effects of drugs on the body. (attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY 4.0 license) Chapter Outline 3.1 Legal Considerations 3.2 Drug Errors and Prevention 3.3 Documentation and Informatics The primary focus of this chapter…
This chapter described drug administration as it relates to the nursing process and nursing clinical judgment. The importance of client teaching during drug administration was explained, and the components of teaching and learning were discussed. The processes of pharmacokinetics and…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Dosage calculations are an important part of drug administration, and the safety of the client depends on the nurse’s ability to correctly calculate the dosage needed at any…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: This section will discuss the different routes for medication administration, how to prepare for administration, and the various methods for administering drugs to the client. Both enteral and parenteral sites will…