3. Beta-oxidation

It is a catabolic reaction where fatty acids are oxidized to acetyl – CoA which are then subjected to the Krebs cycle, and the ETC simultaneously for the generation of ATP. During each beta-oxidation cycle, one acetyl – CoA, NADH, and FADH₂ are produced. These intermediate products then further metabolize releasing ATP in the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation processes.