Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Clinical Focus Part 1 John, a 65-year-old man with asthma and type 2 diabetes, works as a sales associate at a local home improvement store. Recently, he…
Figure 22.1 Aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even just speaking are an important mechanism for respiratory pathogen transmission. Simple actions, like covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing, can reduce the spread of these microbes. (credit: modification of work by Centers…
Anatomy and Normal Microbiota of the Skin and Eyes Bacterial Infections of the Skin and Eyes Viral Infections of the Skin and Eyes Mycoses of the Skin Protozoan and Helminthic Infections of the Skin and Eyes
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Many parasitic protozoans and helminths use the skin or eyes as a portal of entry. Some may physically burrow into the skin or the mucosa of the…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Many fungal infections of the skin involve fungi that are found in the normal skin microbiota. Some of these fungi can cause infection when they gain entry…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Until recently, it was thought that the normal microbiota of the body consisted primarily of bacteria and some fungi. However, in addition to bacteria, the skin is…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Despite the skin’s protective functions, infections are common. Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many skin conditions are not strictly…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Clinical Focus Part 1 Sam, a college freshman with a bad habit of oversleeping, nicked himself shaving in a rush to get to class on time. At…
Figure 21.1 The skin is an important barrier to pathogens, but it can also develop infections. These raised lesions (left) are typical of folliculitis, a condition that results from the inflammation of hair follicles. Acne lesions (right) also result from inflammation of…
Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibody Production Detecting Antigen-Antibody Complexes Agglutination Assays EIAs and ELISAs Fluorescent Antibody Techniques