Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Only one major fungal pathogen affects the urogenital system. Candida is a genus of fungi capable of existing in a yeast form or as a multicellular fungus. Candida spp. are commonly…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Several viruses can cause serious problems for the human reproductive system. Most of these viral infections are incurable, increasing the risk of persistent sexual transmission. In addition,…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: In addition to infections of the urinary tract, bacteria commonly infect the reproductive tract. As with the urinary tract, parts of the reproductive system closest to the…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) include infections of the urethra, bladder, and kidneys, and are common causes of urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and glomerulonephritis. Bacteria are the most common causes…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Clinical Focus Part 1 Nadia is a newly married 26-year-old graduate student in economics. Recently she has been experiencing an unusual vaginal discharge, as well as some…
Figure 23.1 Many pathogens that cause infections of the urogenital system can be detected in urine samples (left). The top sample in the culture (right) was prepared from the urine of a patient with a urinary tract infection. (credit b: modification of…
Anatomy and Normal Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract Bacterial Infections of the Respiratory Tract Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract Respiratory Mycoses
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Fungal pathogens are ubiquitous in the environment. Serological studies have demonstrated that most people have been exposed to fungal respiratory pathogens during their lives. Yet symptomatic infections…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Viruses are the most frequent cause of respiratory tract infections. Unlike the bacterial pathogens, we have few effective therapies to combat viral respiratory infections. Fortunately, many of…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The respiratory tract can be infected by a variety of bacteria, both gram positive and gram negative. Although the diseases that they cause may range from mild…