Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Each synovial joint of the body is specialized to perform certain movements. The movements that are allowed are determined by the structural classification for each joint. For…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body (Figure 9.8). A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint that is not seen at…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. These types of joints…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: At a fibrous joint, the adjacent bones are directly connected to each other by fibrous connective tissue, and thus the bones do not have a joint cavity…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: A joint, also called an articulation, is any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together (articulate with each other) to form a connection. Joints are classified…
Figure 9.1 Kayaking Without joints, body movements would be impossible. (credit: Graham Richardson) CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After this chapter, you will be able to: The adult human body has 206 bones, and with the exception of the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone…
The Pectoral Girdle The pectoral girdle, consisting of the clavicle and the scapula, attaches each upper limb to the axial skeleton. The clavicle is an anterior bone whose sternal end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Embryologically, the appendicular skeleton arises from mesenchyme, a type of embryonic tissue that can differentiate into many types of tissues, including bone or muscle tissue. Mesenchyme gives…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Like the upper limb, the lower limb is divided into three regions. The thigh is that portion of the lower limb located between the hip joint and knee joint.…