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Modification of plant nutritional content like amino acid, lipid, vitamin, and iron. The use of genetic engineering techniques has allowed researchers to open up and develop plants with improved nutritional quality. For example, rice is extremely low in vitamin A. However, Potrykus and Beyer have developed golden rice enriched in pro-vitamin A by involving 3 genes in the biosynthetic pathway for carotenoids, the precursor for vitamin A. To obtain a functional provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway, genes coding for phytoene synthase (PSY) and lycopene cyclase (Lyc) both from Narcissus pseudo cissus together with a gene coding phytoene desaturase, from bacteria were introduced. Few experiments likewise revealed that the presence of Lyc was not necessary, due to the reason that psy and crt1 somehow drive beta-carotene synthesis along with the formation of downstream xanthophylls.