LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Diffusion There is something fishy about the ice cube from your freezer—how did it pick up those food odors? How does soaking a sprained ankle in Epsom…

LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: A moving object in a viscous fluid is equivalent to a stationary object in a flowing fluid stream. (For example, when you ride a bicycle at 10…

LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Sometimes we can predict if flow will be laminar or turbulent. We know that flow in a very smooth tube or around a smooth, streamlined object will…

LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Laminar Flow and Viscosity When you pour yourself a glass of juice, the liquid flows freely and quickly. But when you pour syrup on your pancakes, that…

LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Torricelli’s Theorem Figure 12.8 shows water gushing from a large tube through a dam. What is its speed as it emerges? Interestingly, if resistance is negligible, the speed…

LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: When a fluid flows into a narrower channel, its speed increases. That means its kinetic energy also increases. Where does that change in kinetic energy come from?…

LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Flow rate Q𝑄 is defined to be the volume of fluid passing by some location through an area during a period of time, as seen in Figure 12.2. In symbols,…

Figure 12.1 Many fluids are flowing in this scene. Water from the hose and smoke from the fire are visible flows. Less visible are the flow of air and the flow of fluids on the ground and within the people fighting the…