Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Connective tissue, as its name implies, binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: A muscular dystrophy (MD) is a rare genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness over time (Figure 13.15). With over 30 specific types, MD has a wide range of…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: A break in the bone structure, or a bone fracture, is one of the most common types of musculoskeletal traumas. Worldwide in 2019, 178 million fractures occurred, in…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA), is a degenerative joint disorder that involves the wearing down of joint cartilage and tissue over time. OA currently affects…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The musculoskeletal system comprises bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Its major function is promoting body mobility, the ability of a patient to change and control their body…
Figure 13.1 The musculoskeletal system includes bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. It is responsible for protecting internal organs and facilitating body movements. (credit: daverose215/flickr, CC BY 2.0) Chapter Outline 13.1 Osteoporosis and Osteopenia 13.2 Osteoarthritis 13.3 Bone Fractures 13.4 Muscular Dystrophy 13.5 Connective Tissue Disease 13.6 Soft…
Cardiovascular Overview Dysrhythmia Heart Failure Hypertension Myocardial Infarction Vascular Disorders Peripheral Vascular Disease
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Peripheral vasculature is the vasculature extending beyond the heart. It includes the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins (Figure 12.29). Understanding this anatomy and physiology is important…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The two most commonly occurring forms of vascular disease are carotid artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Also referred to as carotid artery stenosis, carotid artery disease is…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Coronary disease afflicts 7.1 percent of adults aged 45-65, 10.9 percent of adults aged 45 years and older, and 17 percent of adults 65 and older (CDC,…