Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Diseases or injuries that affect the spinal cord and back are known as spinal disorders. Spinal disorders include a variety of conditions that cause problems for patients, including…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Any type of pain, such as a headache or lower back pain, that is ongoing and continues for longer than three months is known as chronic pain.…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: A peripheral nerve disorder called polyneuropathy occurs when multiple peripheral nerves all over the body are damaged and malfunction simultaneously. As noted previously, the peripheral nervous system is the division of…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: A seizure occurs when some of the brain’s neurons experience sudden and uncontrolled electrical activity, sending incorrect messages between brain cells. Electrical bursts may cause changes in consciousness or may cause…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The decline in cognitive abilities, such as memory and reasoning, in a manner that disrupts patients’ daily lives is known as major neurocognitive disorder (MND). MND refers to…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are chronic neurological diseases and complex disorders that profoundly affect lives. Multiple sclerosis is more common and typically initially affects…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Acute disorders of the nervous system include injuries and conditions caused by trauma as well as sudden-onset diseases that can compromise neurological functioning. This section will explore…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: To stay healthy and function optimally, the brain must have stable intracranial pressure (ICP), which refers to the pressure within the rigid confines of a skull. In the…
Figure 17.1 The structure and function of the human nervous system begins in the brain and spinal cord. The image shows a lumbar puncture, a procedure used to identify infections in the cerebral spinal fluid. (credit: modification of work from Anatomy and Physiology…
Anemias Hereditary Disorders Polycythemia Thrombocytopenia Neutropenia Thrombotic Disorder Blood Products and Transfusion Principles