LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this section, you will explore the following questions: Connection for AP® Courses Much of the information in this chapter is not within the scope for AP®. However, studying the respiratory system provides an opportunity to apply concepts we…
Figure 30.1 Lungs, which appear as nearly transparent tissue surrounding the heart in this X-ray of a dog (left), are the central organs of the respiratory system. The left lung is smaller than the right lung to accommodate space for the heart.…
Types of Skeletal Systems The three types of skeleton designs are hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, and endoskeletons. A hydrostatic skeleton is formed by a fluid-filled compartment held under hydrostatic pressure; movement is created by the muscles producing pressure on the fluid.…
In this section, you will explore the following questions: Connection for AP® Courses Muscles move bones, and, in turn, muscle contraction is dependent upon input from the nervous systems. The activities at the neuromuscular junction are similar to the activities occurring…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this section, you will explore the following questions: Connection for AP® Courses The information in this section is not within the scope for AP® and does not align with the curriculum framework. However, the material in this section is…
In this section, you will explore the following questions: Connection for AP® Courses The information in this section is not within the scope for AP® and does not align with the curriculum framework. However, as a student of biology it is important…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this section, you will explore the following questions: Connection for AP® Courses Much of the information in this section is not in scope for AP®. However, as a student of biology you should have a fundamental understanding of…
Figure 29.1 Improvements in the design of prostheses have allowed for a wider range of activities in recipients. (credit: modification of work by Stuart Grout) Chapter Outline 29.1 Types of Skeletal Systems 29.2 Bone 29.3 Joints and Skeletal Movement 29.4 Muscle Contraction and Locomotion The muscular…
Types of Hormones There are three basic types of hormones: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide. Lipid-derived hormones are structurally similar to cholesterol and include steroid hormones such as estradiol and testosterone. Amino acid-derived hormones are relatively small molecules and include…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this section, you will explore the following questions: Connection for AP® Courses The specific information in this section is outside the scope for AP®. You do not have to memorize a list of endocrine glands, their locations in…