LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Potential Energy and Conservative Forces Work is done by a force, and some forces, such as weight, have special characteristics. A conservative force is one, like the gravitational force,…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Work Done Against Gravity Climbing stairs and lifting objects is work in both the scientific and everyday sense—it is work done against the gravitational force. When there…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Work Transfers Energy What happens to the work done on a system? Energy is transferred into the system, but in what form? Does it remain in the…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: What It Means to Do Work The scientific definition of work differs in some ways from its everyday meaning. Certain things we think of as hard work,…
Figure 7.1 How many forms of energy can you identify in this photograph of a wind farm in Iowa? (credit: Jürgen from Sandesneben, Germany, Wikimedia Commons) Chapter Outline 7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition 7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem 7.3 Gravitational Potential Energy 7.4 Conservative…
Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal Force Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation 6.6 Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Examples of gravitational orbits abound. Hundreds of artificial satellites orbit Earth together with thousands of pieces of debris. The Moon’s orbit about Earth has intrigued humans from…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: What do aching feet, a falling apple, and the orbit of the Moon have in common? Each is caused by the gravitational force. Our feet are strained…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: What do taking off in a jet airplane, turning a corner in a car, riding a merry-go-round, and the circular motion of a tropical cyclone have in…
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Any force or combination of forces can cause a centripetal or radial acceleration. Just a few examples are the tension in the rope on a tether ball,…