Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The laboring person determines the level of pain they are experiencing during labor. Every person has a different level of pain tolerance and should be able to…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Nonpharmacologic pain management includes multiple options. Creating a relaxing, welcoming environment addresses the psychologic aspect of pain, allows the laboring person to feel safe in the labor…
Figure 17.1 Birthing Ball This laboring person is sitting on a birthing ball to encourage fetal descent and decrease discomfort. (credit: reproduced with permission from Amy Giles) Chapter Outline 17.1 Nonpharmacological Pain Management 17.2 Pharmacological Pain Management 17.3 Anesthesia Pain is the process of signals traveling…
Basic Terms of Fetal Heart Rate and Contraction Patterns The nurse uses the FHR to determine the well-being of the fetus during the antepartum and intrapartum periods by evaluating for FHR baseline variability, accelerations, and decelerations. A reassuring FHR tracing…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Nursing interventions for nonreassuring fetal monitor tracings depend upon the cause of the tracing. For tracings associated with fetal hypoxia, the nurse must intervene to restore oxygenation to the fetus.…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The FHR monitor allows the nurse to assess the health of the fetus and how the fetus is tolerating labor. The nurse needs to recognize whether the fetal monitor tracing indicates…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Multiple factors influence the FHR. The pregnant person’s influence can be positioning, blood pressure, oxygenation, and medications. Fetal influence can be nuchal cord, hypoxia, cord entanglement, and fetal movement.…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Monitoring the pregnant person and the fetus and analyzing the FHR and contraction patterns are essential parts of the nurse’s role during the antepartum period and the…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The fetal heart rate (FHR) is the heart rate and rhythm of the fetus. A uterine contraction (UC) is the tightening and shortening of the uterine muscles. Both can be monitored…
Figure 16.1 Monitoring the Fetus and Uterine Contractions External transducers evaluate the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions. (credit: “A glimpse into Labor and Delivery” by Airman 1st Class Kaylee Dubois, U.S. Air Force/Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Public Domain) Chapter Outline 16.1 Basic Terms of…