Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Adrenal hormones (Table 21.11) are secreted by the cortex of the gland and released into the circulation via the left and right suprarenal veins. The adrenal cortex…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The pituitary gland is a bean-sized organ suspended from the hypothalamus that produces, stores, and secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic stimulation. When the pituitary gland produces insufficient levels of hormones, disorders…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Thyroid disorders arise when the thyroid gland secretes hormones in incorrect amounts, disrupting the processes that regulate metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. This imbalance affects the…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus The endocrine function of the pancreas is to produce hormones that help to regulate blood sugar levels and appetite. The two main hormones produced by…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The endocrine system is responsible for regulating major biological processes in the body, such as digestion, metabolism, and the stress response, but is often overlooked. It is…
Figure 21.1 The endocrine system, which includes the pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenals, and their hormones coordinate and control growth, metabolism, temperature regulation, the stress response, reproduction, and many other functions. (credit: Airman 1st Class Rhett Isbell/Little Rock Air…
Brief Review of Genitourinary and Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Sexually Transmitted Infections Male-Specific Disorders of the Reproductive Tract Disorders of the Prostate Female-Specific Disorders of the Reproductive Tract Disorders of the Breast Renal Function and Chronic Kidney Disease
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The kidneys are arguably one of the most important body organs because they participate in many functions necessary for life. The major functions of the kidney include…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer experienced by women, second only to skin cancer. This cancer affects more than two million women in the annually…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Common disorders of the female reproductive system discussed in this section include pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. These conditions may be highly personal to the…