Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you should be able to As we learned in 18.1 Memory is Classified Based on Time Course and Type of Information Stored, long-term memories can be categorized as implicit or explicit. In this…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you should be able to We know from over a century of research on the brain that there are certain brain functions that can be localized to specific brain regions. For example,…
Figure 18.1 Interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) show up via EEG as a generalized 3 Hz signal. Image credit: Bromfield EB, Cavazos JE, Sirven JI, editors., CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Chapter Outline 18.1 Memory is Classified Based on Time Course and Type…
Cells and Messengers of the Immune System The immune system is broadly divided into innate and adaptive responses. Innate responses are rapid, non-specific, and stereotyped, meaning that they occur in more or less the same pattern and intensity each time…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you should be able to We’ve covered up until now the mechanisms by which the brain and immune system send signals back and forth to one another, and some of the implications…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you should be able to The interactions between the immune system and brain are not a one-way street but move in both directions. Thus, our behaviors impact how our immune systems function.…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you should be able to A critical weapon in our arsenal of immune defenses is very often overlooked, and that is behavior. “Sickness behaviors” are the suite of changes we exhibit during…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you should be able to The immune system is complicated, just like neuroscience. There are many terms and labels for components of the immune system that may seem overwhelming at first, a…
Figure 17.1 Microglia have elaborate processes that they use to scan the environment. Image credit: NIH Image Gallery from Bethesda, Maryland, USA – Microglia in a Healthy Adult Mouse Retina, Public Domain, Chapter Outline 17.1 Cells and Messengers of the Immune System…
Principles of Homeostasis Animals maintain a stable internal environment through the process of homeostasis. Life-sustaining factors, such as oxygen, temperature, food, and water, are maintained at optimal set-points for each organism. Animals maintain set-points via negative feedback mechanisms, in which…