The stability of carbanions can be explained using the inductive effect. CH3 — CH2(CH3) — CH(CH3)2 — C(CH3)3 i.e. Methyl Primary (1°) Secondary (2°) Tertiary (3°) Since alkyl groups are electron-releasing by nature through induction, we can say that the more the number of…

Carbocations The stability of carbocations can be explained by the Inductive Effect. CH3++CH2(CH3) +CH(CH3)2+C(CH3)3, i.e., Methyl Primary (1°) Secondary (2°) Tertiary(3°) We know that alkyl groups of organic chemistry are +I groups, that is, they release electrons through the sigma bonds. Since the carbon…

The structure and reactivity of many compounds in organic chemistry are greatly dictated by the presence of bulky groups or constituents in the molecule. This is called steric hindrance. It arises because of inter-electronic repulsions due to spatial crowding amongst bulky groups. Using…

For certain molecules like carbonate ion (CO32-), one single Lewis structure would not be enough to explain all of the properties. In that case, the molecule is said to have more than one structure. Each of those structures can explain some…

Molecules possessing sigma bonds and pi-bonds alternatively exhibit the mesomeric effect. The effect is exhibited due to the permanent delocalisation of π-bonds. This increases the number of resonating structures which makes the molecules of organic chemistry more stable. Such kind of a system, where there…

Inductive Effect It is an electron delocalisation effect via σ bonds that arises due to the difference in electronegativities. For example, in a σ bonded organic compound like C-C-C-Cl, the carbon attached to the chlorine atom can be referred to as the…

Organic reactions are reactions that occur between organic compounds. The reactions in organic chemistry are broadly classified into six categories. Let us study in detail these different types of reactions and their products. Substitution Reactions R-X + Y → R-Y…

Reagents are the chemicals that we add to bring about a specific change to an organic molecule. Any general reaction in organic chemistry can be written as follows: Substrate + Reagent → Product Where the substrate is an organic molecule…