Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: It was mentioned earlier that DNA provides a “blueprint” for the cell structure and physiology. This refers to the fact that DNA contains the information necessary for…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The nucleus is the largest and most prominent of a cell’s organelles (Figure 3.19). The nucleus is generally considered the control center of the cell because it…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Now that you have learned that the cell membrane surrounds all cells, you can dive inside of a prototypical human cell to learn about its internal components…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms have a surrounding cell membrane. As the outer layer of your skin separates your body…
Figure 3.1 Fluorescence-stained Cell Undergoing Mitosis A lung cell from a newt, commonly studied for its similarity to human lung cells, is stained with fluorescent dyes. The green stain reveals mitotic spindles, red is the cell membrane and part of the cytoplasm, and…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Organic compounds typically consist of groups of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen, usually oxygen, and often other elements as well. They are found throughout the world,…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The concepts you have learned so far in this chapter govern all forms of matter, and would work as a foundation for geology as well as biology.…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: One characteristic of a living organism is metabolism, which is the sum total of all of the chemical reactions that go on to maintain that organism’s health…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Atoms separated by a great distance cannot link; rather, they must come close enough for the electrons in their valence shells to interact. But do atoms ever…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass…