Figure 5.1 If you were standing in the midst of this street scene, you would be absorbing and processing numerous pieces of sensory input. (credit: modification of work by Cory Zanker) Chapter Outline 5.1 Sensation versus Perception 5.2 Waves and Wavelengths 5.3 Vision 5.4 Hearing 5.5 The…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Our states of consciousness change as we move from wakefulness to sleep. We also alter our consciousness through the use of various psychoactive drugs. This final section…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: While we all experience altered states of consciousness in the form of sleep on a regular basis, some people use drugs and other substances that result in…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Many people experience disturbances in their sleep at some point in their lives. Depending on the population and sleep disorder being studied, between 30% and 50% of…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Sleep is not a uniform state of being. Instead, sleep is composed of several different stages that can be differentiated from one another by the patterns of…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: We spend approximately one-third of our lives sleeping. Given the average life expectancy for U.S. citizens falls between 73 and 79 years old (Singh & Siahpush, 2006),…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Consciousness describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli. Awareness of internal stimuli includes feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions. Awareness…
Figure 4.1 Sleep, which we all experience, is a quiet and mysterious pause in our daily lives. Two sleeping children are depicted in this 1895 oil painting titled Zwei schlafende Mädchen auf der Ofenbank, which translates as “two sleeping girls on the stove,”…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones (Figure 3.30). Like neurotransmitters, hormones are chemical messengers that must bind to a receptor in…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The brain is a remarkably complex organ comprised of billions of interconnected neurons and glia. It is a bilateral, or two-sided, structure that can be separated into…