Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Eight-year-old Troy’s aunt has noticed that his vocabulary has grown considerably, and that she can now have detailed conversations with him about his day as well as…

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Tamika is starting in a new school. Her last school was very academic, and the teachers provided a highly structured curriculum, supporting students as they learned. Her…

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Malik has been thinking about the range of strengths he sees in his fourth-grade students. While some clearly excel at reading or math, others struggle with schoolwork…

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Ayanna is a new second grade teacher and is thinking about her lesson plans. She has a seven-year-old student, Sarah, who struggles with attention and focus in…

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Arif is outside with his friends after school. They are playing baseball, but because there are only six of them today, they are coming up with creative…

Figure 7.1 Middle childhood is a time of rapid physical and cognitive changes. During this period, children develop physical and cognitive abilities that allow them to succeed in school settings and in other organized activities such as sports, dance and music. (credit:…