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This chapter focused on a brief introduction to the thyroid and parathyroid glands and their hormones as well as specific thyroid and parathyroid disorders. The structure and function of the thyroid and parathyroid glands were covered, along with diagnostic testing that involves hormones associated with those structure functions. A brief pathophysiology was provided for hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism. Thyroid, antithyroid, calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates, calcimimetics, and peptide hormone drugs were presented and discussed, along with nursing implications and client education.