What are signs of neonatal distress?
Cyanosis, grunting, flaring, retractions, apnea, poor feeding.
What is the normal range for newborn vital signs?
What are APGAR scores and what do they assess?
Done at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Assess Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.
How should breastfeeding be supported in the postpartum period?
Early skin-to-skin contact, frequent feeding, proper latch, education on signs of mastitis and milk sufficiency.
What is postpartum depression and how is it different from baby blues?
Baby blues are mild, short-term mood swings. Depression is more severe, lasts longer, and interferes with function.
What are signs of postpartum hemorrhage?
Heavy bleeding, boggy uterus, decreased blood pressure, increased pulse, pallor.
What is lochia and what are the normal changes?
What is the typical postpartum assessment?
BUBBLE-HE: Breasts, Uterus, Bowel, Bladder, Lochia, Episiotomy/laceration, Homan’s sign (DVT), Emotional status.
What are indications for a cesarean section?
Fetal distress, breech presentation, failure to progress, placenta previa, previous C-section
What are common types of pain relief during labor?
Epidural, spinal block, IV analgesics, nitrous oxide, and non-pharmacologic methods (breathing, massage).