Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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The Phillips Curve
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The simplified AD/AS model that we have used so far is fully consistent with Keynes’s original model. More recent research, though, has indicated that in the real world, an aggregate supply curve is more curved than the right angle that we used…
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The Building Blocks of Keynesian Analysis
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Now that we have a clear understanding of what constitutes aggregate demand, we return to the Keynesian argument using the model of aggregate demand/aggregate supply (AD/AS). (For a similar treatment using Keynes’ income-expenditure model, see the appendix on The Expenditure-Output Model.) Keynesian economics…
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Aggregate Demand in Keynesian Analysis
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The Keynesian perspective focuses on aggregate demand. The idea is simple: firms produce output only if they expect it to sell. Thus, while the availability of the factors of production determines a nation’s potential GDP, the amount of goods and services that actually…
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Introduction to the Keynesian Perspective
Figure 12.1 Signs of a Recession Home foreclosures were just one of the many signs and symptoms of the recent Great Recession. During that time, many businesses closed and many people lost their jobs. (Credit: modification of “Foreclosure” by Taber Andrew Bain/Flickr Creative Commons, CC BY 2.0) Chapter Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Bring It…
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Summary
11.1 Macroeconomic Perspectives on Demand and Supply Neoclassical economists emphasize Say’s law, which holds that supply creates its own demand. Keynesian economists emphasize Keynes’ law, which holds that demand creates its own supply. Many mainstream economists take a Keynesian perspective, emphasizing the importance of aggregate demand, for the short run, and a neoclassical perspective, emphasizing the…
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Keynes Law and Say’s Law in the AD/AS Model
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: We can use the AD/AS model to illustrate both Say’s law that supply creates its own demand and Keynes’ law that demand creates its own supply. Consider the SRAS curve’s three zones which Figure 11.11 identifies: the Keynesian zone, the neoclassical zone, and the intermediate zone. Figure 11.11 Keynes, Neoclassical,…
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How the AD/AS Model Incorporates Growth, Unemployment, and Inflation
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The AD/AS model can convey a number of interlocking relationships between the three macroeconomic goals of growth, unemployment, and low inflation. Moreover, the AD/AS framework is flexible enough to accommodate both the Keynes’ law approach that focuses on aggregate demand and the short run,…
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Shifts in Aggregate Demand
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: As we mentioned previously, the components of aggregate demand are consumption spending (C), investment spending (I), government spending (G), and spending on exports (X) minus imports (M). (Read the following Clear It Up feature for explanation of why imports are subtracted from…
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Shifts in Aggregate Supply
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The original equilibrium in the AD/AS diagram will shift to a new equilibrium if the AS or AD curve shifts. When the aggregate supply curve shifts to the right, then at every price level, producers supply a greater quantity of real GDP.…
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Building a Model of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: To build a useful macroeconomic model, we need a model that shows what determines total supply or total demand for the economy, and how total demand and total supply interact at the macroeconomic level. We call this the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model. This…
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