Introduction

Figure 14.1 The etiology of psychological and mental health disorders can be multifaceted, ranging from genetic and biological to environmental; often, specific causes are a combination of the types of factors or remain a mystery. (credit: “National Nurses Week: Capt. Stephanie Smiddy” by Staff Sgt. Shane Hughes/Air Force Medical Service, Public Domain)

Chapter Outline

14.1 Mild Neurocognitive Disorders

14.2 Delirium

14.3 Dementia

This chapter highlights neurocognitive changes that occur in adults. Neurocognitive disorders affect the way the brain functions. Neurocognitive disorders include conditions such as mild neurocognitive disorder, delirium, and dementias (now known as major neurocognitive disorder in the DSM-5). Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, and multiple sclerosis are well-known neurocognitive disorders. These disorders can have a genetic component and can be associated with environmental factors. They can also be caused by an underlying medical condition, such as a traumatic brain injury or stroke, metabolic conditions, and even infections. Continued research is important for discovering new treatments, medications, and preventive strategies for neurocognitive disorders.