Is the universe deterministic or indeterministic?

The question of whether the universe is deterministic or indeterministic is a central debate in the philosophy of science, particularly in the interpretation of quantum mechanics. Determinism holds that all events, including moral choices, are determined by previously existing causes.

Indeterminism, which gained ground with the advent of quantum mechanics, suggests that some events, at the quantum level at least, do not have deterministic causes and that probabilities play a fundamental role. This has profound implications for free will, moral responsibility, and the nature of scientific prediction.