Challenge Questions
52. Gamow (1954) proposed that the structure of DNA deduced by Watson and Crick (1953) could be interpreted as a way of forming roughly 20 “words” of the common amino acids from the four “letters” A, T, C, and G…
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42. What characteristic of the genetic code points to a common ancestry for all organisms? 43. What process transfers heritable material to the next generation? 44. When comparing transcription of heritable information in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which events are the…
Critical Thinking Questions
27. If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template strand and the DNA template stand is complementary to the DNA non-template strand, why are base sequences of mRNA and the DNA non-template strand not identical? Could they ever be? 28.…
Review Questions
1. What is the flow of information for the synthesis of proteins according to the central dogma? 2. The DNA of virus A is inserted into the protein coat of virus B. The combination virus is used to infect E. coli.…
Key Terms
7-methylguanosine capmodification added to the 5′ end of pre-mRNAs to protect mRNA from degradation and assist translationaminoacyl tRNA synthetaseenzyme that “charges” tRNA molecules by catalyzing a bond between the tRNA and a corresponding amino acidanticodonthree-nucleotide sequence in a tRNA molecule…
Challenge Questions
70. The proof that DNA, not protein, is the carrier of genetic information involved a number of historical experiments, including transformation or horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which is the uptake and expression of extracellular DNA. A. As described in Figure…
Test Prep for AP® Courses
54. What would Chase and Hershey have concluded if the supernatant contained radioactive labeled-phosphorus? 55. Which piece of evidence supports that the material Miescher discovered in white blood cells was DNA? What did he name the material and why? 56.…
Critical Thinking Questions
34. Explain Griffith’s transformation experiments. What did he conclude from them? 35. (credit: modification of work from The Regents of the University of California) Hershey and Chase were running experiments to understand which molecule transfered genes. They were suspecting DNA…
Review Questions
1. Who was the first person to isolate the material that came to be known as nucleic acids? 2. What is bacterial transformation? 3. What type of nucleic acid material is analyzed the most frequently in forensics cases? 4. The…
Key Terms
electrophoresistechnique used to separate DNA fragments according to sizeexonucleaseenzymes that cleave nucleotides one at a time from the end of a polynucleotide chainhelicaseduring replication, this enzyme helps to open up the DNA helix by breaking the hydrogen bondsinduced mutationmutation that…