We saw the intermediates that could be formed in an organic reaction; now, let us look into transition states and the difference between an intermediate and a transition state. The intermediates in organic chemistry are formed in a multi-step reaction, but some reactions…
What Are Carbanions? They are generated by heterolytically cleaving a group attached to carbon without removing the bonded electrons. This makes the carbon have a pair of electrons, thereby imparting a negative charge on the carbon. CH3– is isoelectronic with NH3, and it is sp3 hybridized,…
Free radicals in organic chemistry are formed by the homolytic cleavage of carbon bonds. The shape of the species formed is planar, and the carbon is sp3 hybridized with an odd electron being placed in the p-orbital. If the free radical is relatively…
Carbenes (H2C) are neutral and reactive species that have six electrons in the outer shell of carbon, making them electron deficient. Since carbenes are species having two odd electrons, we can classify carbenes based on their spin states. Singlet Carbene The electrons are present in…
Intermediates can be understood as the first product of a consecutive reaction. For example, in a chemical reaction, if A→B and B→C, then B can be said to be the intermediate for reaction A→C. The reactions in organic chemistry occur via the formation of…
The reactions in organic chemistry occur through the breaking and making of bonds. Bonds can cleave in either of two ways: What Is Homolytic Cleavage? If the covalent bonds between two elements break in such a way that each of the elements gets its…
What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is in which the bonds are broken within reactant molecules, and new bonds are formed within product molecules in order to form a new substance. Chemical reactions are all around us, from…
What is Analytical Chemistry? Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the analysis of different substances.
Have you ever observed how chemical reactions or processes occur within the human body? How do metabolic activities take place? Yes, you will get to know all these life processes through ‘Biochemistry.’ What is Biochemistry? The branch of science dealing with…
Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry devoted to the study of the behavior of matter at an atomic or molecular level. It also involves the study of the properties of substances at different scales, from the macroscopic scale, which includes…