Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The word intestine is derived from a Latin root meaning “internal,” and indeed, the two organs together nearly fill the interior of the abdominal cavity. In addition,…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Although a minimal amount of carbohydrate digestion occurs in the mouth, chemical digestion really gets underway in the stomach. An expansion of the alimentary canal that lies…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: In this section, you will examine the anatomy and functions of the three main organs of the upper alimentary canal—the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus—as well as three…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The digestive system uses mechanical and chemical activities to break food down into absorbable substances during its journey through the digestive system. Table 23.3 provides an overview of the…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The function of the digestive system is to break down the foods you eat, release their nutrients, and absorb those nutrients into the body. Although the small…
Figure 23.1 Eating Apples Eating may be one of the simple pleasures in life, but digesting even one apple requires the coordinated work of many organs. (credit: “Aimanness Photography”/Flickr) CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you will be able to: The digestive system…
Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System The respiratory system is responsible for obtaining oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide, and aiding in speech production and in sensing odors. From a functional perspective, the respiratory system can be divided…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Development of the respiratory system begins early in the fetus. It is a complex process that includes many structures, most of which arise from the endoderm. Towards…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: At rest, the respiratory system performs its functions at a constant, rhythmic pace, as regulated by the respiratory centers of the brain. At this pace, ventilation provides…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The other major activity in the lungs is the process of respiration, the process of gas exchange. The function of respiration is to provide oxygen for use…