Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: As you read this, your nervous system is performing several functions simultaneously. The visual system is processing what is seen on the page; the motor system controls…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The muscular and skeletal systems provide support to the body and allow for movement. The bones of the skeleton protect the body’s internal organs and support the…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The endocrine system produces hormones that function to control and regulate many different body processes. The endocrine system coordinates with the nervous system to control the functions…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Animals are complex multicellular organisms that require a mechanism for transporting nutrients throughout their bodies and removing wastes. The human circulatory system has a complex network of…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: All living organisms need nutrients to survive. While plants can obtain nutrients from their roots and the energy molecules required for cellular function through the process of…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Homeostasis refers to the relatively stable state inside the body of an animal. Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes in order…
Figure 16.1 An arctic fox is a complex animal, well adapted to its environment. (credit: Keith Morehouse, USFWS) Chapter Outline 16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation 16.2 Digestive System 16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 16.4 Endocrine System 16.5 Musculoskeletal System 16.6 Nervous System The arctic fox, a complex animal that…
Features of the Animal Kingdom Animals constitute a diverse kingdom of organisms. Although animals range in complexity from simple sea sponges to human beings, most members share certain features. Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that ingest their food and…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Vertebrates are among the most recognizable organisms of the animal kingdom (Figure 15.36). More than 62,000 vertebrate species have been identified. The vertebrate species now living represent…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Deuterostomes include the phyla Echinodermata and Chordata (which includes the vertebrates) and two smaller phyla. Deuterostomes share similar patterns of early development. Echinoderms Echinodermata are named for…