Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The oscillations of a system in which the net force can be described by Hooke’s law are of special importance, because they are very common. They are…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Figure 16.8 The strings on this guitar vibrate at regular time intervals. (credit: JAR) When you pluck a guitar string, the resulting sound has a steady tone and lasts…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Figure 16.2 When displaced from its vertical equilibrium position, this plastic ruler oscillates back and forth because of the restoring force opposing displacement. When the ruler is on the…
Figure 16.1 There are at least four types of waves in this picture—only the water waves are evident. There are also sound waves, light waves, and waves on the guitar strings. (credit: John Norton) Chapter Outline 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited…
The First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Figure 15.37 When you toss a coin a large number of times, heads and tails tend to come up in roughly equal numbers. Why doesn’t heads come up 100,…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Figure 15.31 The ice in this drink is slowly melting. Eventually the liquid will reach thermal equilibrium, as predicted by the second law of thermodynamics. (credit: Jon Sullivan, PDPhoto.org)…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Figure 15.25 Almost every home contains a refrigerator. Most people don’t realize they are also sharing their homes with a heat pump. (credit: Id1337x, Wikimedia Commons) Heat pumps, air…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Figure 15.20 This novelty toy, known as the drinking bird, is an example of Carnot’s engine. It contains methylene chloride (mixed with a dye) in the abdomen, which boils…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Figure 15.14 These ice floes melt during the Arctic summer. Some of them refreeze in the winter, but the second law of thermodynamics predicts that it would be extremely…