Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Potassium channel blockers are class III drugs. They work by blocking the potassium channels that facilitate potassium transport and mediate repolarization of the cardiac cells. They extend the…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Beta-adrenergic blockers (informally called beta blockers) are known by their generic names, which end with “olol.” They can be used for many disease states, including heart failure, myocardial infarction,…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Class I antidysrhythmic drugs are known as sodium channel blockers. They block sodium channels in conduction tissue and myocytes. Sodium channels are responsible for the depolarization of…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Dysrhythmias Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, occur when there is abnormal automaticity (spontaneous impulse generation) or abnormal conduction that results in a problem with the heart rate and/or…
Figure 17.1 The heart is the primary organ of the cardiovascular system, controlling circulation and blood flow for the entire body. (attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY 4.0 license) Chapter Outline 17.1 Introduction to Dysrhythmias 17.2 Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers 17.3 Class…
This chapter focused on an introduction to the cardiovascular system and laid the foundation for cardiovascular pharmacology. The structure and anatomy of the cardiovascular system were described. The heart consists of four chambers: the two upper chambers (atria) and the…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Electrical Conduction System of the Heart The heart’s rate and rhythm are controlled by a conduction system that uses electrical impulses to cause the heart to pump…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: An Introduction to the Pumping Action of the Heart The heart pumps in a complex and coordinated cycle to move blood between the chambers of the heart,…
Learning Outcomes By the end of this section, you should be able to: Anatomy of the Heart The heart is a fist-sized organ positioned in the central thoracic cavity, with the bulk of the heart to the left of the…
Figure 16.1 The heart is the primary organ of the cardiovascular system, controlling circulation and blood flow for the entire body. (attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY 4.0 license) Chapter Outline 16.1 Introduction to the Heart, Circulation, and Blood Flow 16.2 Pumping…