Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Other routes of medication administration include per vagina (PV) and per rectum (PR). Medications administered via the vaginal or rectal route have a faster onset and higher bioavailability than oral medications because they bypass the…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Medications administered through inhalation are dispersed via an aerosol spray, mist, or powder that patients inhale into their airways. Although the primary effect of inhaled medications is…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Allergies, sinus infections, and nasal congestion are typically treated by nasal medications, which are administered via the nose (i.e., nostrils, external or anterior nares). The absorption surface area of the nasal cavity…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Ear (i.e., otic, auricle) medications are used for a variety of ear conditions (e.g., treating infections or inflammation, administering local anesthesia, softening cerumen (earwax) for removal, and facilitating removal of objects…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Eye (ophthalmic) medications are used to treat a variety of common conditions, such as allergies, dry eyes, viral or bacterial infections, and glaucoma. It is important for the…
Figure 14.1 Eye drops are one of the alternative routes of medication administration. Other forms include ear, nasal, inhaled, vaginal, and rectal application routes. (credit: “Instilling Eye Medication” by British Columbia Institute of Technology, CC BY 4.0) Chapter Outline 14.1 Administering Eye Medications…
Principles of Intravenous Therapy Intravenous therapy administers fluids, electrolytes, blood products, nutrition, and medications directly into the vein, thereby bypassing the gastrointestinal system. With 100 percent of the solution being administered into the vein, therapies infused via the IV route…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Blood transfusions are potentially life-saving procedures that replace deficits in blood volume or blood cells with blood donated by the patient (autologous donation) or another individual (Association…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: The use of IV therapy is common in the delivery of health care. Fluid replacement is one of the most common indications for requiring IV therapy. As…
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: To administer IV medications, providers must insert an IV device into the patient’s vein. There are several types of vascular access devices used for administering IV medications,…