What Does Psychology Say?

Figure 6.1 Preschool children learn through interaction with each other and their environments. (credit: modification of work “kindergarten children 04” by “mstk east”/Flickr, CC BY 2.0)

Chapter Outline

6.1 Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

6.2 Identity in Context: Gender Development and Racial Identity in Early Childhood

6.3 Families as Context in Early Childhood

6.4 Social Contexts: Peers, Play, and Friendship in Early Childhood

6.5 Media Exposure and Literacy in Early Childhood

Seyoun has noticed a difference in her son Hwan since he started attending a local preschool. Once friendly and forthcoming, Hwan has become more hesitant around other preschoolers, almost nervous of the other children, though he still seems happy to play with them when they approach him.

Given that she and her parents are immigrants, Seyoun wonders whether speaking Korean at home or being among the few Asian Americans in her neighborhood has influenced the way Hwan sees himself. She also wonders how living with his grandparents, who are stricter and more old-fashioned than other families in their neighborhood, has influenced Hwan’s perceptions of relationships and communication with others.

Hwan’s self-conscious behavior has some benefits. He seems especially receptive to initiation from other children and can play cooperatively when others lead the way. Seyoun notices that her son is also less aggressive than some of the other children she meets, and she wonders whether that behavior is associated with her minimizing his screen time and access to violent cartoon shows.

Seyoun has several questions about this stage of development:

• How can she tell whether Hwan’s emotional development is on track and healthy?
• When will Hwan develop an understanding of his racial or ethnic identity?
• Should a shy child be encouraged to take the initiative in social interactions more often?
• Does Hwan need more time with peers or more time with family?

This chapter will help you explore the social and emotional world of preschoolers, children aged 3 to 6.