Characteristics of Angiosperms

The main features of angiosperms are as follows:

• Their main plant body is diploid and sporophyte. The sporophyte is divided into stems, leaves, and roots.
• All plants have flowers; flowers are concerned with sexual reproduction that helps in exchanging genetic materials.
•  All of the angiosperms are heterotrophs, and a few are autotrophs.
• The vascular system is well developed and consists of xylem and phloem.
• Xylem consists of tracheids and vessels, and phloem consists of companion cells.
• Archegonia are absent.
• Reproduction takes place by indirect pollination, i.e., the pollen grains are received at stigma found at the tip of carpels.
• The flower consists of stamens (microsporophyll) and the carpels megasporophyll); each microsporophyll has four microsporangia.
• The ovules are covered by the ovary at the base of the carpels.
• Double fertilization and triple fusion take place, which leads to the formation of diploid zygotes and triploid endosperms.
• The root system of angiosperms is very complex and consists of the xylem, phloem, cortex, and epidermis.
• Endosperms production is the greatest advantage of angiosperms due to it is a source of food for the developing seed and seeding.