Introduction

Figure 19.1 Gastrointestinal disorders can cause discomfort when left untreated. (credit: “Home remedies to get relief from stomach aches – 1” by News Fibers/Flickr, Public Domain)

Chapter Outline

19.1 Nutritional Disorders

19.2 Disorders of the Oral Cavity

19.3 Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

19.4 Disorders of the Upper GI System

19.5 Disorders of the Lower GI System

19.6 Hepatic and Biliary Disorders

19.7 Ostomy Care

The gastrointestinal (GI) system (also referred to as the digestive system) is responsible for several functions, including digestion, absorption, elimination, and immune response. It breaks down food and then absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream via the small intestine and large intestine. Because good health depends on good nutrition, any disorder affecting the functioning of the digestive system can significantly affect overall health and well-being and increase the risk of chronic health conditions. Nutrients from food and fluids are used by the body for growth, energy, and bodily processes. Essential nutrients must come from dietary intake. The carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in foods are used for energy to power molecular, cellular, and organ system activities.