Introduction

Figure 11.1 Vigorous exercise requires a healthy respiratory system. (credit: modification of “Working Out At The Reily Center (3726377407)” by Tulane Public Relations/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0)

Chapter Outline

11.1 Concepts of Oxygenation and Perfusion

11.2 Upper and Lower Respiratory Assessment

11.3 Disorders of the Upper Respiratory System: Bronchiectasis

11.4 Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System: Asthma

11.5 Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

11.6 Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System: Pneumothorax

11.7 Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System: Pneumonia and Aspiration

11.8 Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System: Tuberculosis

11.9 Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System: Cystic Fibrosis

11.10 Effects of Smoking, Vaping, and Environmental Triggers of the Respiratory System

Adequate lung function is an essential bodily function. Both acute and chronic respiratory conditions can impact the body’s ability to achieve effective gas exchange. When changes occur due to illness or injury, the body works hard to compensate. Despite the body’s efforts to achieve effective gas exchange when damage has occurred, problematic symptoms may require urgent intervention to prevent life-threatening complications. Understanding oxygenation, perfusion, and common disorders of the respiratory system is essential for providing effective nursing care for patients with respiratory issues. Nursing assessment of the upper and lower airways provides an opportunity for close monitoring of potential and active respiratory problems.