Introduction

Figure 10.1 This picture illustrates severe pitting edema of the hands that is likely related to a fluid or electrolyte imbalance. (credit: “Edema Hands 01” by Wang et al./BMC Cancer, CC BY 2.0)

Chapter Outline

10.1 Maintaining Homeostasis

10.2 Fluid Disturbances and Replacement

10.3 Electrolyte Imbalance

10.4 Acid-Base Imbalance

The balances of fluids, electrolytes, acids, and bases all play key roles in maintaining the body’s physiological processes and overall metabolism. Disturbances to any of these components are common and occur with several different medical conditions. If left untreated, such imbalances have the potential to negatively affect multiple body systems and even cause death. Therefore, it is critical for all nurses, regardless of their area of practice or patient population, to be knowledgeable about appropriate treatment and management of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.