Introduction

Figure 4.1 In Vitro Fertilization Conception occurs at the cellular level. (credit: “InVitroFertilization” by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US Government Owned Photo)/Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain)

Chapter Outline

4.1 Fertility and Conception

4.2 Genetics

4.3 Causes of Infertility

4.4 Treating Infertility

Many couples envision starting a family without any issues and within the first few months of trying. The reality, though, is that conception is a complex process. The average success rate is only 20 percent to 37 percent for the average young, fertile, and healthy couple becoming pregnant in the first 3 months of trying (Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 2017). While most couples do eventually achieve a pregnancy, a small subset of patients requires medical intervention. Some people expect to need infertility treatment, such as those with known medical conditions, members of same-sex relationships, or people who chose to become single parents. Nurses can provide education, community referrals, and emotional support during this time.