Difference between AC and DC

Electric current flows in two ways as an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). The main difference between AC and DC lies in the direction in which the electrons flow. In DC, the electrons flow steadily in a single direction, while electrons keep switching directions, going forward and then backwards in AC. Let us learn more differences between them in the next few sections.

What is an Alternating Current (AC)?

In alternating current, the electric charge flow changes its direction periodically. AC is the most commonly used and most-preferred electric power for household equipment, office, buildings, etc. It was first tested based on the principles of Michael Faraday in 1832 using a Dynamo Electric Generator.

Alternating current can be identified in a waveform called a sine wave. In other words, it can be referred to as a curved line. These curved lines represent electric cycles and are measured per second. The measurement is read as Hertz (Hz). AC is used in powerhouses and buildings because generating and transporting AC across long distances is relatively easy. AC is capable of powering electric motors which are used in refrigerators, washing machines, etc.

What is Direct Current (DC)?

Unlike alternating current, the flow of direct current does not change periodically. The current electricity flows in a single direction in a steady voltage. The major use of DC is to supply power to electrical devices and also to charge batteries. Example: mobile phone batteries, flashlights, flat-screen television and electric vehicles. DC has the combination of a plus and a minus sign, a dotted line or a straight line.

Everything that runs on a battery and uses an AC adapter while plugging into a wall or uses a USB cable for power relies on DC. Examples would be cellphones, electric vehicles, flashlights, flat-screen TVs (AC goes into the TV and is converted into DC).